A traversal of the entire work of Noam Chomsky, in a direct comparison with his texts and with a double key of interpretation: attention to scientific rigor and to the processes of formalization of language that arise from original structures of the mind (the Universal Grammar, the Faculty of Language, the Merge Device); and the conviction that it is precisely through such innate structures, which appeared with a great "leap forward" of the species more than 60,000 years ago, that the freedom and equality of "human nature" are affirmed. Establishing an innate biological matrix of the Faculty of Language means establishing a device of thought that is the prerogative of all humans. It also means arguing that even the best-built automaton will never be able to exhibit a language similar to that of humans, since its repertoire of responses would necessarily be fixed and limited: it would lack a universal tool, capable of producing infinite sentences and concepts with finite means: the automaton would lack creativity